Arduino in terms of hardware is the name of a microcontroller board. Arduino was created with the aim of making it easier for us to experiment or create microcontroller-based equipment, for example :
- Automatic plant watering
- Water level monitoring
- Sms gateway
- People presence detector
And there are many more that have been developed. Currently, there are various types of Arduino boards, one of which is Arduino Mega2560. Even though there are various types of Arduino, in principle the programming remains the same, only the pins are different, because each has a different number of pins..
Arduino Mega2560
Arduino mega has a size of 10 cm x 5 cm. This board is recommended for use in projects that are more complex and use a lot of digital pins for I/O.
Arduino Mega2560 Technical Information :
- ATmega2560 IC
- Digital 54 Pins, with 15 Pins (PWM)
- Analog Pins 16
- UART pins 4
- 16 MHZ Crystal Oscillator
- Reset button
- Has a USB port, power jack and ICSP header
- Flash memory 256 KB, SRAM 8 KB and EEPROM 4 KB
Explanation :
- The USB port is used to connect Arduino to a computer
- The DC jack is used for an external supply source when Arduino is not connected to a computer, if Arduino is connected to a computer then the power source comes from the computer. The input voltage from this source is between 7 Vdc - 12 Vdc
- Digital pins 0 to 53 are called digital pins because they have two states, namely 1 and 0 or 5 V and 0 V. The maximum current is 20 mA
- Analog Pin is an analog pin (continuous value) which has an analog value of 0 - 1023, commonly used for certain sensors
- IC ATmega2560 as a processor
- There are 2 pins that are used as supply voltages, for example for sensors that have an output value of 3.3 Vdc and 5 Vdc
- ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) is used to program Arduino through Arduino ISP
- Flash memory is used to store code. 8 KB of this memory is used for the bootloader
- SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) is used to hold data temporarily when data processing occurs
- EEPROM (Erasable Programamble Read-Only) is used to store data permanently so that it is not lost if there is no power to Arduino.
- The 16 MHZ Crystal Oscillator functions as a signal generator with a frequency of 16 MHZ
Arduino Mega2560 specifications
| Microcontroller | ATmega2560 |
| Operating Voltage | 5V |
| Input Voltage (recommended) | 7-12V |
| Input Voltage (limit) | 6-20V |
| Digital I/O Pins | 54 (of which 15 provide PWM output) |
| Analog Input Pins | 16 |
| DC Current per I/O Pin | 20 mA |
| DC Current for 3.3V Pin | 50 mA |
| Flash Memory | 256 KB of which 8 KB used by bootloader |
| SRAM | 8 KB |
| EEPROM | 4 KB |
| Clock Speed | 16 MHz |
| LED_BUILTIN | 13 |
| Length | 101.52 mm |
| Width | 53.3 mm |
| Weight | 37 g |
Pinmap IC ATmega2560
Arduino Mega 2560 Pins IC
| Pin Number | Pin Name | Mapped Pin Name |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | PG5 ( OC0B ) | Digital pin 4 (PWM) |
| 2 | PE0 ( RXD0/PCINT8 ) | Digital pin 0 (RX0) |
| 3 | PE1 ( TXD0 ) | Digital pin 1 (TX0) |
| 4 | PE2 ( XCK0/AIN0 ) | |
| 5 | PE3 ( OC3A/AIN1 ) | Digital pin 5 (PWM) |
| 6 | PE4 ( OC3B/INT4 ) | Digital pin 2 (PWM) |
| 7 | PE5 ( OC3C/INT5 ) | Digital pin 3 (PWM) |
| 8 | PE6 ( T3/INT6 ) | |
| 9 | PE7 ( CLKO/ICP3/INT7 ) | |
| 10 | VCC | VCC |
| 11 | GND | GND |
| 12 | PH0 ( RXD2 ) | Digital pin 17 (RX2) |
| 13 | PH1 ( TXD2 ) | Digital pin 16 (TX2) |
| 14 | PH2 ( XCK2 ) | |
| 15 | PH3 ( OC4A ) | Digital pin 6 (PWM) |
| 16 | PH4 ( OC4B ) | Digital pin 7 (PWM) |
| 17 | PH5 ( OC4C ) | Digital pin 8 (PWM) |
| 18 | PH6 ( OC2B ) | Digital pin 9 (PWM) |
| 19 | PB0 ( SS/PCINT0 ) | Digital pin 53 (SS) |
| 20 | PB1 ( SCK/PCINT1 ) | Digital pin 52 (SCK) |
| 21 | PB2 ( MOSI/PCINT2 ) | Digital pin 51 (MOSI) |
| 22 | PB3 ( MISO/PCINT3 ) | Digital pin 50 (MISO) |
| 23 | PB4 ( OC2A/PCINT4 ) | Digital pin 10 (PWM) |
| 24 | PB5 ( OC1A/PCINT5 ) | Digital pin 11 (PWM) |
| 25 | PB6 ( OC1B/PCINT6 ) | Digital pin 12 (PWM) |
| 26 | PB7 ( OC0A/OC1C/PCINT7 ) | Digital pin 13 (PWM) |
| 27 | PH7 ( T4 ) | |
| 28 | PG3 ( TOSC2 ) | |
| 29 | PG4 ( TOSC1 ) | |
| 30 | RESET | RESET |
| 31 | VCC | VCC |
| 32 | GND | GND |
| 33 | XTAL2 | XTAL2 |
| 34 | XTAL1 | XTAL1 |
| 35 | PL0 ( ICP4 ) | Digital pin 49 |
| 36 | PL1 ( ICP5 ) | Digital pin 48 |
| 37 | PL2 ( T5 ) | Digital pin 47 |
| 38 | PL3 ( OC5A ) | Digital pin 46 (PWM) |
| 39 | PL4 ( OC5B ) | Digital pin 45 (PWM) |
| 40 | PL5 ( OC5C ) | Digital pin 44 (PWM) |
| 41 | PL6 | Digital pin 43 |
| 42 | PL7 | Digital pin 42 |
| 43 | PD0 ( SCL/INT0 ) | Digital pin 21 (SCL) |
| 44 | PD1 ( SDA/INT1 ) | Digital pin 20 (SDA) |
| 45 | PD2 ( RXDI/INT2 ) | Digital pin 19 (RX1) |
| 46 | PD3 ( TXD1/INT3 ) | Digital pin 18 (TX1) |
| 47 | PD4 ( ICP1 ) | |
| 48 | PD5 ( XCK1 ) | |
| 49 | PD6 ( T1 ) | |
| 50 | PD7 ( T0 ) | Digital pin 38 |
| 51 | PG0 ( WR ) | Digital pin 41 |
| 52 | PG1 ( RD ) | Digital pin 40 |
| 53 | PC0 ( A8 ) | Digital pin 37 |
| 54 | PC1 ( A9 ) | Digital pin 36 |
| 55 | PC2 ( A10 ) | Digital pin 35 |
| 56 | PC3 ( A11 ) | Digital pin 34 |
| 57 | PC4 ( A12 ) | Digital pin 33 |
| 58 | PC5 ( A13 ) | Digital pin 32 |
| 59 | PC6 ( A14 ) | Digital pin 31 |
| 60 | PC7 ( A15 ) | Digital pin 30 |
| 61 | VCC | VCC |
| 62 | GND | GND |
| 63 | PJ0 ( RXD3/PCINT9 ) | Digital pin 15 (RX3) |
| 64 | PJ1 ( TXD3/PCINT10 ) | Digital pin 14 (TX3) |
| 65 | PJ2 ( XCK3/PCINT11 ) | |
| 66 | PJ3 ( PCINT12 ) | |
| 67 | PJ4 ( PCINT13 ) | |
| 68 | PJ5 ( PCINT14 ) | |
| 69 | PJ6 ( PCINT 15 ) | |
| 70 | PG2 ( ALE ) | Digital pin 39 |
| 71 | PA7 ( AD7 ) | Digital pin 29 |
| 72 | PA6 ( AD6 ) | Digital pin 28 |
| 73 | PA5 ( AD5 ) | Digital pin 27 |
| 74 | PA4 ( AD4 ) | Digital pin 26 |
| 75 | PA3 ( AD3 ) | Digital pin 25 |
| 76 | PA2 ( AD2 ) | Digital pin 24 |
| 77 | PA1 ( AD1 ) | Digital pin 23 |
| 78 | PA0 ( AD0 ) | Digital pin 22 |
| 79 | PJ7 | |
| 80 | VCC | VCC |
| 81 | GND | GND |
| 82 | PK7 ( ADC15/PCINT23 ) | Analog pin 15 |
| 83 | PK6 ( ADC14/PCINT22 ) | Analog pin 14 |
| 84 | PK5 ( ADC13/PCINT21 ) | Analog pin 13 |
| 85 | PK4 ( ADC12/PCINT20 ) | Analog pin 12 |
| 86 | PK3 ( ADC11/PCINT19 ) | Analog pin 11 |
| 87 | PK2 ( ADC10/PCINT18 ) | Analog pin 10 |
| 88 | PK1 ( ADC9/PCINT17 ) | Analog pin 9 |
| 89 | PK0 ( ADC8/PCINT16 ) | Analog pin 8 |
| 90 | PF7 ( ADC7 ) | Analog pin 7 |
| 91 | PF6 ( ADC6 ) | Analog pin 6 |
| 92 | PF5 ( ADC5/TMS ) | Analog pin 5 |
| 93 | PF4 ( ADC4/TMK ) | Analog pin 4 |
| 94 | PF3 ( ADC3 ) | Analog pin 3 |
| 95 | PF2 ( ADC2 ) | Analog pin 2 |
| 96 | PF1 ( ADC1 ) | Analog pin 1 |
| 97 | PF0 ( ADC0 ) | Analog pin 0 |
| 98 | AREF | Analog Reference |
| 99 | GND | GND |
| 100 | AVCC | VCC |
Arduino Mega2560 circuit
Function Pins :
- Serial 0 : 0 (RX) dan 1 (TX); Serial 1 : 19 (RX) dan 18 (TX); Serial 2 : 17 (RX) dan 16 (TX); Serial 3 : 15 (RX) dan 14 (TX)
- PWM : 2 - 13 dan 44 - 46. 8 Bit PWM
- SPI : 50 (MISO), 51 (MOSI), 52 (SCK), 53 (SS)
- LED : Pin13
- TWI : 20 (SDA) dan 21 (SCL)
Source : (https://store.arduino.cc/usa/mega-2560-r3)